Ch19_LitmanovP

= = = = =9/19/11 notestoc=



=9/19/11 guiding questions 1-6=

1. Review what you know about energy from last year’s notes! Also look in the Cutnell and Johnson text and on The Physics Classroom. What is energy?

-Energy is the ability to do work.

What is work?

-Work is the exertion of a force over a certain distance. W=Fd

When is Energy conserved?

-Energy cannot be created nor conserved only transformed, so it is always conserved. This is called the Law of Conservation of Energy.

What is the difference between conservative and non-conservative types of forces and energies?

- Forces that store energy are conservative. These include forces such as gravity, elastic forces, and electric forces - Forces that don't store energy, but lose energy are non-conservative. This includes friction, tension, and air resistance.

What is electrostatic force? Is it conservative or nonconservative?

- Electrostatic force is the force resulting from interaction between electrically charged particles. - It is a conservative force because the Law of Electric Charge states charges must be conserved.

2. Combine the equations for work and for electric field strength to get a new expression for work.

W=F*d E=Fe/q Fe=E*q

W=E*q*d

3. In a uniform electric field, a charge moves from one place to another. What are the only types of energy present in this situation?

Kinetic Energy and Electric Potential Energy

4. Use this to find an expression for the change in potential energy.

Change in Potential Energy = Eqd

5. Check this out! Real footage of So Cal Edison opening a switch on a 500kV line while its under load to make repairs. Turn it up, the sound is cool. []

Coolio

6. What is the definition of potential difference? What is the equation, symbol and unit of potential difference? Why is potential difference a relative value, not an absolute value?

- Potential difference occurs when work is done on a charge to move it. Potential difference is the final electric potential minus the initial electric potential of the charge. - The unit of potential difference is V (volt) - The equation is:



- Potential difference is a relative value because it depends where the charge is placed and whether work was done with or against the electric field

=9/20/11 lesson 1 method 1 summary= The space surrounding a charged object is affected by the presence of the charge; an electric field is established in that space. As another charged object enters the space and moves //deeper// into the field, the affect of the field becomes more and more noticeable. Electric field is a vector quantity whose direction is defined as the direction that a positive test charge would be pushed when placed in the field. To move a charge in an electric field against its natural direction of motion would require work. The high energy location for a positive test charge is a location nearest the positive source charge; and the low energy location is furthest away. **Topic Sentence:** An Electric field is the space surrounding a charge where another charge would feel the force of the source charge. Work is required to move a charge against an electric field.
 * Electric Field and the Movement of Charge**
 * Electric Field, Work, and Potential Energy **

Thus, the electric potential energy is dependent upon the amount of charge on the object experiencing the field and upon the location within the field. Electric potential energy is dependent upon at least two types of quantities: 1) Electric charge - a property of the object experiencing the electrical field, and 2) Distance from source - the location within the electric field Electric potential is purely location dependent. Electric potential is the potential energy per charge. Charge moving through the wires of the circuit will encounter changes in electric potential as it traverses the circuit. Within the electrochemical cells of the battery, there is an electric field established between the two terminals, directed from the positive terminal towards the negative terminal. As such, the movement of a positive test charge through the cells from the negative terminal to the positive terminal would require work. Chemical energy is transformed into electric potential energy within the //internal circuit// (i.e., the battery). Once at the high potential terminal, a positive test charge will then move through the external circuit and do work upon the light bulb or the motor or the heater coils, transforming its electric potential energy into useful forms for which the circuit was designed. The positive test charge returns to the negative terminal at a low energy and low potential, ready to repeat the cycle all over again.
 * Electric Potential **
 * Electric Potential in Circuits **
 * Topic Sentence: **Electric Potential does not depend on charge, only location.

The difference in electric potential is represented by the symbol ** V ** and is formally referred to as the ** electric potential difference **. By definition, the electric potential difference is the difference in electric potential (V) between the final and the initial location when work is done upon a charge to change its potential energy. The standard metric unit on electric potential difference is the volt, abbreviated ** V ** and named in honor of Alessandro Volta. One Volt is equivalent to one Joule per Coulomb.
 * Electric Potential Difference **

The cells simply supply the energy to do work upon the charge to move it from the negative terminal to the positive terminal. By providing energy to the charge, the cell is capable of maintaining an electric potential difference across the two ends of the external circuit. Once the charge has reached the high potential terminal, it will naturally flow through the wires to the low potential terminal. In a light bulb, the electric potential energy of the charge is transformed into light energy (a useful form) and thermal energy (a non-useful form). The moving charge is doing work upon the light bulb to produce two different forms of energy. By doing so, the moving charge is losing its electric potential energy. The loss in electric potential while passing through a circuit element is often referred to as a ** voltage drop **. **Topic Sentence:** Electric Potential Difference is what drives the circuit. The batteries role is to maintain an electric potential difference within the internal circuit. Once work is done on the charge to move it to the area of higher potential, as long as there is an electric potential difference between the terminals, the charge will naturally flow from high potential to low potential, generating electrical current.
 * Electric Potential Difference and Simple Circuits **

=9/21/11 notes=

=9/21/11 prelab questions= = = 1. The objective is stated in the title. What is your hypothesis? (Attempt to answer the question, to the best of your knowledge.)

The equipotentials for the electric field lines will be equal at points which are of equal distance from the charge. The areas surrounding the positive charge will have a higher voltage than those surrounding the negative charge.

2. What is the rationale for your hypothesis? (Provide detailed reasoning here. This may take the form of a list of what you already know about the topics, with a summary at the end.)

The definition of equipotential is the area where the electric potentials of points on electric field lines are equal to each other. When a positive test charge gets closer to a positive charge, its electric potential goes up and vice versa. Less work is required to bring a particle towards a negative charge, which means the voltage will be lower.

3. How do you think you might test this hypothesis? (What might you measure and how?)

We would use a board to chart points and measure the voltage at various distances from a charge.

4. Predict the electric field lines (and the equipotential surfaces) of the following situations: a. Two point sources (one negative and one positive)



b. A circle (negatively charged) and a positive point charge in the very center of it.



c. Two lines of charge (one negative and one positive)



=9/23/11 notes=

= = =Equipotential Lab Report=

To determine the relationship between electric field lines and equipotentials.
 * Purpose**

The equipotentials for the electric field lines will be equal at points which are of equal distance from the charge. The areas surrounding the positive charge will have a higher voltage than those surrounding the negative charge.
 * Hypothesis**

Rationale: The definition of equipotential is the area where the electric potentials of points on electric field lines are equal to each other. When a positive test charge gets closer to a positive charge, its electric potential goes up and vice versa. Less work is required to bring a particle towards a negative charge, which means the voltage will be lower.

In this experiment you will be constructing 3-dimensional plots of differently shaped electric fields. To do this you will measure and plot the electric potential between two charged points on a sheet of conductive paper. You will then view the plots from different perspectives.
 * Introduction**

|| Volt meter (VOM)
 * Materials**
 * Alligator leads (2) || Metal push pins (2) ||
 * Cork board || Power supply || Silver marker ||
 * Procedure**

1) Select a sheets with silver conductive lines drawn on it. Use a conductive ink pen to draw one of the given shapes. 2) Place the sheet on the cork pad. Place one metal pin through each of the two painted silver points on the conducting paper. 3) Insert black probe in to COM socket of the voltmeter (VOM) and insert red probe into other Voltmeter socket. Then, set selector to 20V. 4) Set power supply to 20V. Test power supply with VOM to make sure that it is working. 5) Attach one lead wire from the power supply to one metal pin, then attach another wire from the other clip of the power supply to the second metal pin on the corkboard. 6) Attach the black COM wire from the voltmeter to one of the pins.

7) Create a numbered grid in Excel using the conducting sheet as a reference. 8) You will only do points 5 to 15 on the vertical axis, and 5 to 20 on the horizontal axis. 9) Touch the red wire from the voltmeter gently to point (5,5). Use the first number that appears on the voltmeter. Enter your data directly into Excel. Move to the next point (5,6). Repeat for all points until you reach (15, 20). 10)Repeat for the other designs.

11)Highlight entire table 12)Graph a SURFACE 13)Create two views: Side and Top 14)Adjust scale to “2”. (It does “5” as a default.) 15)If graph is not relatively smooth, go back and remeasure. 16)Put your name(s), lab title, and date on the header/footer. 17)Email me a copy of your Excel document and I will compile all of them into one document and email them to everyone.


 * Data**



2+ Charges: Chris Hallowell, Ryan Listro, Eric Solomon Dipole: Sam Fihma, Steve Thorwarth, Phil Litmanov Parallel "Plates": Richie Johnson, Bret Pontillo, Allison Irwin Circle: Ross Dember, Erica Levine, Rebecca Rabin


 * Tables**

2+ Charges

**__ 16 __** 17.5 || **__ 6 __** 17.77 || **__ 7 __** 17.96 || **__ 8 __** 17.98 || **__ 9 __** 17.92 || **__ 10 __** 18.04 || **__ 11 __** 17.89 || **__ 12 __** 17.67 || **__ 13 __** 18.1 || **__ 14 __** 18.08 || **__ 15 __** 18.17 || **__ 16 __** 18.23 || **__ 17 __** 18.29 || **__ 18 __** 18.05 || **__ 19 __** 18.47 || **__ 20 __** 18.25 || **__ 21 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.39 || **__ 22 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.06 ||
 * **__ 5 __**
 * **__ 15 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.85 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.45 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.02 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.79 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.99 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.95 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.94 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.93 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.06 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.13 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.17 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.16 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.33 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.35 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.48 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.57 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.22 ||
 * **__ 14 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.72 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.81 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.08 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.2 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.09 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.98 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.64 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.15 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.81 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.9 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.95 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.43 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.12 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.54 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.6 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.29 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.33 ||
 * **__ 13 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.66 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.91 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.16 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.27 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.22 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.01 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.13 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.88 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.6 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.08 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.22 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.14 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.68 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.43 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.5 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.64 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.39 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.41 ||
 * **__ 12 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.68 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.92 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.32 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.68 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.42 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.26 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.93 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.05 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.9 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.05 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.15 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.1 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.11 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.3 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.56 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.83 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.81 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.26 ||
 * **__ 11 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.57 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.42 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.39 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">19.93 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.6 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.18 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.62 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.83 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.07 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.19 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.88 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.26 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.34 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.32 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.91 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">19.92 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.79 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.06 ||
 * **__ 10 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.22 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.62 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.99 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.5 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.2 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.89 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.85 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.7 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.8 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.86 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.88 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.03 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.26 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.74 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.4 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.64 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.4 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.63 ||
 * **__ 9 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.05 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.15 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.6 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.81 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.93 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.39 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.45 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.79 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.7 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.37 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.71 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.01 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.27 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.32 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.96 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.01 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.23 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.45 ||
 * **__ 8 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">16.56 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">16.55 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.14 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.37 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.6 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.38 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.42 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.35 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.44 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.51 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.61 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.99 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.15 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.1 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.26 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.27 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.82 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.49 ||
 * **__ 7 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">16.31 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">16.43 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">16.75 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">16.99 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.28 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">16.79 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.23 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">16.86 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.56 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.58 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.6 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.04 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.28 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.16 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.98 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.31 ||
 * **__ 6 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">15.83 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">16.19 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">16.39 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">16.81 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">16.48 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">16.78 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">16.64 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.12 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.07 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.27 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.36 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.82 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.75 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.95 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.16 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.99 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">17.92 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">18.1 ||

Dipole <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">10.34 || **__ 7 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">10.78 || **__ 8 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">11.03 || **__ 9 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">10.79 || **__ 10 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">10.61 || **__ 11 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">9.68 || **__ 12 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">9.79 || **__ 13 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">9.64 || **__ 14 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">9.16 || **__ 15 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">8.46 || **__ 16 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">7.83 || **__ 17 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">7.68 || **__ 18 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">7.31 || **__ 19 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">6.39 || **__ 20 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">6.28 || **__ 21 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">6.65 || **__ 22 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">6.7 || **__ 23 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">6.84 ||
 * **__ 5 __**
 * __ 5 __** 9.69 || **__ 6 __**
 * **__ 6 __** 11.78 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">12.07 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">12.32 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">12.43 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">11.5 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">11.07 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">10.46 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">10.05 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">9.41 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">9.16 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">8.3 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">7.8 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">7.4 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">7.26 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">6.14 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">5.89 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">6.05 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">6.2 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">6.3 ||
 * **__ 7 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: center;">12.25 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">12.32 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">12.48 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">12.68 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">11.87 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">11.23 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">10.79 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">12.26 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">9.48 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">8.58 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">7.5 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">7.2 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">6.84 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">6.56 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">6.05 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">5.62 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">5.75 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">5.8 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">5.95 ||
 * **__ 8 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">13.16 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">13.22 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">13.41 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">13.62 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">12.96 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">12.22 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">11.52 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">10.6 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">9.93 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">9.13 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">8.51 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">7.8 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">6.94 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">6.35 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">5.77 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">4.78 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">5.05 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">5.27 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">5.59 ||
 * **__ 9 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">13.95 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">13.99 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">14.1 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">14.73 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">13.42 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">12.78 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">11.73 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">10.62 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">9.88 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">9.23 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">8.37 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">7.57 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">6.55 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">5.55 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">4.4 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">3.65 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">3.79 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">4.33 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">5.11 ||
 * **__ 10 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">14 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">14.23 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">15.01 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">20 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">14.9 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">13.2 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">11.7 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">10.95 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">9.95 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">9.2 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">8.14 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">7.5 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">5.7 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">5.05 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">3.68 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">0 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">3.09 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">4.34 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">4.51 ||
 * **__ 11 __** 13.0 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">13.14 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">13.6 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">14.15 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">13.4 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">12.3 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">10.55 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">10.14 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">9.65 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">8.62 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">7.52 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">7.17 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">6.26 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">5.26 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">4.88 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">4.05 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">4.45 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">4.84 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">5.08 ||
 * **__ 12 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">12.1 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">12.16 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">12.43 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">12.65 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">12.15 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">11.2 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">10.94 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">9.85 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">9.42 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">9.12 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">7.7 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">7.14 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">6.82 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">4.98 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">4.4 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">3.31 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">4.52 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">4.82 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">5.22 ||
 * **__ 13 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">11.6 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">12.1 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">12.22 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">12.29 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">12.14 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">11.88 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">11.36 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">10.5 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">9.93 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">9.17 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">8.24 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">7.92 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">7.54 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">6.24 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">5.8 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">5.55 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">5.72 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">5.72 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">6.76 ||
 * **__ 14 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">11.4 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">11.5 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">12.16 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">12.43 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">11.23 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">11.07 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">10.41 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">10.15 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">9.26 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">9.17 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">8.21 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">7.98 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">7.19 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">6.99 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">6.56 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">6.11 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">6.32 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">6.87 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">7 ||
 * **__ 15 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">11.1 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">11.27 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">11.34 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">11.41 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">10.97 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">10.89 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">10.2 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">9.89 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">9.13 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">9.02 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">8.56 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">8 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">7.1 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">6.99 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">6.56 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">6.34 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">6.39 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">6.41 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 10.6667px; text-align: right;">6.5 ||

Parallel Plates

**__ 15 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">2.7 || **__ 5 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">1.53 || **__ 6 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">0.9 || **__ 7 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">0.61 || **__ 8 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">0.43 || **__ 9 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">0.34 || **__ 10 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">0.29 || **__ 11 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">0.24 || **__ 12 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">0.23 || **__ 13 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">0.21 || **__ 14 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">0.19 || **__ 15 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">0.19 || **__ 16 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">0.21 || **__ 17 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">0.22 || **__ 18 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">0.27 || **__ 19 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">0.32 || **__ 20 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">0.38 || **__ 21 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">0.5 || **__ 22 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">0.81 || **__ 23 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">1.37 || **__ 24 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">2.39 ||
 * **__ 4 __**
 * **__ 14 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">3.25 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">0.02 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">0.02 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">0.03 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">0.02 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">0.02 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">0.02 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">0.02 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">0.01 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">0.01 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">0.00 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">0.00 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">0.01 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">0.01 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">0.01 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">0.01 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">0.02 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">0.02 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">0.02 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">0.03 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">2.98 ||
 * **__ 13 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">4.88 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">3.69 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">3.05 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">2.79 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">2.67 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">2.71 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">2.67 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">2.86 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">2.81 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">2.71 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">2.70 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">2.82 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">2.67 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">2.67 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">2.85 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">2.74 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">2.41 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">2.47 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">2.69 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">3.52 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">4.29 ||
 * **__ 12 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">6.4 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">5.93 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">5.71 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">5.33 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">5.32 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">5.31 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">5.36 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">5.14 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">5.19 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">5.22 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">4.95 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">5.28 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">5.23 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">5.23 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">5.21 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">5.10 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">5.22 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">5.05 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">5.41 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">5.75 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">6.22 ||
 * ** __11__ ** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">8.39 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">7.98 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">7.95 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">7.75 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">7.74 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">7.77 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">7.70 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">7.61 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">7.81 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">7.64 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">7.77 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">7.63 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">7.59 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">7.71 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">7.73 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">7.17 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">7.50 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">7.56 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">7.59 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">7.88 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">8.06 ||
 * **__ 10 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">10.43 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">10.19 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">10.20 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">10.08 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">10.44 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">10.02 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">10.10 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">10.02 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">10.21 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">10.14 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">10.19 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">10.22 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">10.26 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">10.09 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">10.14 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">10.08 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">10.15 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">10.01 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">9.95 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">10.11 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">10.10 ||
 * **__ 9 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">12.27 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">12.55 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">12.76 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">12.77 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">12.80 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">12.73 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">12.57 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">12.63 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">12.82 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">12.63 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">12.55 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">12.71 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">12.89 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">12.76 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">12.60 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">12.99 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">12.82 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">12.32 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">12.39 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">12.14 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">12.20 ||
 * **__ 8 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">14.15 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">14.85 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">15.16 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">15.38 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">15.01 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">15.21 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">15.04 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">15.22 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">15.18 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">15.19 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">15.08 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">15.12 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">15.41 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">15.34 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">15.22 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">15.49 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">15.14 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">15.10 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">15.01 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">14.42 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">14.02 ||
 * **__ 7 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">15.76 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">17.06 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">17.48 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">17.57 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">17.71 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">17.57 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">17.57 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">17.72 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">17.43 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">17.57 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">17.69 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">17.60 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">17.67 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">17.74 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">17.64 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">17.64 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">17.64 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">17.61 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">17.50 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">16.86 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">15.94 ||
 * **__ 6 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">19.93 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">19.98 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">19.98 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">19.98 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">19.98 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">19.97 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">19.97 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">19.97 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">19.98 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">19.99 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">20 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">19.99 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">19.98 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">19.97 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">19.95 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">19.95 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">19.95 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">19.95 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">19.94 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">19.93 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">17.21 ||
 * **__ 5 __** <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">17.31 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">18.38 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">18.98 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">19.27 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">19.39 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">19.49 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">19.53 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">19.55 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">19.61 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">19.57 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">19.63 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">19.54 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">19.53 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">19.49 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">19.56 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">19.44 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">19.44 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">19.29 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">18.97 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">18.47 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">17.55 ||
 * 44 **__4__** || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">17.74 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">18.30 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">18.66 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">18.78 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">18.89 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">19.05 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">19.04 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">19.06 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">19.12 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">19.22 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">19.17 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">19.22 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">19.15 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">19.04 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">18.05 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">18.60 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">18.63 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">18.26 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">18.09 || <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9.33333px; text-align: right;">17.60 ||

Circle

**__ 1 __** 1.8 || **__ 1 __** 1.6 || **__ 2 __**  1.5 || **__ 3 __**  1.5 || **__ 4 __**  1.5 || **__ 5 __**  1.6 || **__ 6 __**  1.2 || **__ 7 __**  1.1 || **__ 8 __**  1.1 || **__ 9 __**  1.4 || **__ 10 __**  1.3 || **__ 11 __**  1.3 || **__ 12 __**  1.2 || **__ 13 __**  1.2 || **__ 14 __**  1.2 || **__ 15 __**  1.1 || **__ 16 __**  1.1 || **__ 17 __**  1.1 || **__ 18 __**  1.1 || **__ 19 __**  1.2 || **__ 20 __**  1.2 || **__ 21 __**  1.3 || **__ 22 __**  1.4 || **__ 23 __**  1.5 || **__ 24 __**  1.5 || **__ 25 __**  1.5 ||
 * **__ 0 __**
 * **__ 2 __** 1.7 || 1.7 || 1.7 || 1.7 || 1.6 || 1.6 || 1.6 || 1.6 || 1.6 || 1.5 || 1.5 || 1.4 || 1.2 || 1.1 || 1 || 1 || 1.2 || 1.1 || 1.1 || 1.2 || 1.3 || 1.4 || 1.5 || 1.6 || 1.6 || 1.6 ||
 * **__ 3 __** 1.7 || 1.7 || 1.8 || 1.7 || 1.7 || 1.7 || 1.7 || 1.6 || 1.6 || 1.5 || 1.4 || 1.2 || 1.2 || 1.1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1.1 || 1.2 || 1.3 || 1.4 || 1.5 || 1.5 || 1.6 || 1.6 ||
 * **__ 4 __** 1.8 || 1.7 || 1.7 || 1.7 || 1.7 || 1.7 || 1.7 || 1.7 || 1.6 || 1.6 || 1.4 || 1.2 || 1.1 || 1 || 0.9 || 0.8 || 0.8 || 0.9 || 1 || 1.1 || 1.2 || 1.3 || 1.4 || 1.5 || 1.6 || 1.7 ||
 * **__ 5 __** 1.8 || 1.8 || 1.8 || 1.8 || 1.7 || 1.7 || 1.7 || 1.7 || 1.7 || 1.8 || 1.8 || 1.7 || 1.5 || 1.3 || 1 || 0.7 || 0.6 || 0.7 || 1 || 1.2 || 1.4 || 1.5 || 1.5 || 1.5 || 1.6 || 1.7 ||
 * **__ 6 __** 1.8 || 1.8 || 1.8 || 1.8 || 1.8 || 1.8 || 1.8 || 1.8 || 2.1 || 2.4 || 2.6 || 2.5 || 2.4 || 2.3 || 1.8 || 1.3 || 0.5 || 0.5 || 0.9 || 1.3 || 1.5 || 1.6 || 1.7 || 1.7 || 1.7 || 1.8 ||
 * **__ 7 __** 1.8 || 1.8 || 1.8 || 1.8 || 1.4 || 1.3 || 1.4 || 1.6 || 2.2 || 2.5 || 3 || 3.1 || 3.2 || 2.7 || 2.2 || 1.6 || 0.9 || 0.5 || 0.2 || 0.2 || 0.2 || 0.4 || 0.3 || 0.4 || 0.4 || 0.3 ||
 * **__ 8 __** 1.2 || 1.2 || 1.2 || 1.2 || 1.3 || 1.3 || 1.6 || 1.8 || 2.7 || 3.4 || 4 || 4.3 || 4.4 || 4 || 3.4 || 2.5 || 1.5 || 2.2 || 2.4 || 0.3 || 1.4 || 1.5 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 ||
 * **__ 9 __** 1.8 || 1.7 || 1.8 || 1.8 || 1.8 || 1.8 || 2.2 || 2.9 || 3.8 || 4.7 || 5.6 || 6.6 || 6.7 || 6.1 || 5 || 4.1 || 3.4 || 2.9 || 2.7 || 2.4 || 2.2 || 2.1 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 2 ||
 * **__ 10 __** 1.8 || 1.7 || 1.8 || 1.8 || 1.8 || 1.8 || 2 || 2.8 || 3.9 || 5.2 || 6.7 || 8.6 || 10.1 || 7.2 || 5.5 || 5.1 || 4 || 3.1 || 2.4 || 2 || 1.8 || 1.9 || 1.9 || 1.9 || 1.9 || 2 ||
 * **__ 11 __** 1.8 || 1.8 || 1.8 || 1.8 || 1.8 || 1.7 || 2.1 || 3.4 || 4.5 || 5.8 || 7.6 || 11.2 || 19.9 || 9.5 || 6.8 || 5.3 || 3.7 || 2.8 || 2 || 1.5 || 1.8 || 1.4 || 1.4 || 1.3 || 1.4 || 1.3 ||
 * **__ 12 __** 1.8 || 1.6 || 1.8 || 1.8 || 1.6 || 1.7 || 2.4 || 3.2 || 3.9 || 5.5 || 7 || 8.3 || 9.6 || 8.1 || 6.6 || 5 || 3 || 1.7 || 1.9 || 0.4 || 1.7 || 0.4 || 0.4 || 0.4 || 0.4 || 0.5 ||
 * **__ 13 __** 1.9 || 1.9 || 1.3 || 1.4 || 1.8 || 1.9 || 2.2 || 3.2 || 3.4 || 4.5 || 5.4 || 6 || 6.5 || 5.7 || 4.5 || 3.5 || 2.4 || 1.4 || 0.6 || 0.5 || 0.5 || 0.4 || 0.4 || 0.4 || 0.4 || 0.4 ||
 * **__ 14 __** 1.9 || 1.9 || 2 || 2 || 1.9 || 1.8 || 2.1 || 2.4 || 3.6 || 3.9 || 4.2 || 5.4 || 4.8 || 4.5 || 3.8 || 4 || 3.5 || 2.6 || 2.5 || 0.7 || 2.2 || 2.3 || 2.1 || 2.2 || 2.2 || 2.2 ||
 * **__ 15 __** 1.8 || 2.1 || 2.1 || 2.3 || 2.2 || 2.2 || 2 || 2.4 || 2.8 || 3.4 || 4.1 || 4.4 || 4.4 || 4.3 || 4 || 3.5 || 3 || 2.6 || 1.9 || 1.8 || 1.7 || 1.8 || 1.7 || 2.2 || 2.1 || 2.2 ||
 * **__ 16 __** 1.8 || 1.9 || 1.7 || 1.8 || 1.8 || 1.8 || 1.8 || 1.7 || 2.1 || 2.4 || 2.7 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 2.6 || 2.6 || 2.2 || 1.9 || 1.8 || 1.9 || 2 || 2 || 2.1 || 2.1 || 2.1 || 2 ||
 * **__ 17 __** 2 || 2.1 || 2 || 2 || 2.1 || 2.1 || 2 || 2.1 || 2.1 || 2.2 || 2.9 || 2.9 || 3 || 3 || 2.9 || 2.6 || 2 || 1.8 || 1.7 || 1.7 || 1.7 || 1.7 || 1.7 || 1.7 || 1.6 || 1.5 ||
 * **__ 18 __** 2 || 1.9 || 1.9 || 1.9 || 1.7 || 1.8 || 1.8 || 1.8 || 1.9 || 2.3 || 2.5 || 2.6 || 2.7 || 2.6 || 2.5 || 2.5 || 2.5 || 2.4 || 2.3 || 1.9 || 1.9 || 2 || 1.9 || 1.9 || 1.8 || 1.9 ||
 * **__ 19 __** 1.4 || 1.4 || 2 || 1.8 || 1.8 || 1.8 || 1.8 || 1.8 || 1.9 || 1.8 || 1.9 || 1.9 || 1.8 || 1.7 || 1.7 || 1.8 || 1.6 || 1.6 || 1.7 || 1.6 || 1.7 || 1.6 || 1.6 || 1.7 || 1.6 || 1.8 ||
 * **__ 20 __** 1.7 || 1.9 || 2.3 || 1.7 || 1.9 || 1.6 || 1.5 || 1.4 || 1.4 || 1.4 || 1.2 || 1.3 || 1 || 1.1 || 1.2 || 1 || 0.8 || 0.8 || 0.8 || 1 || 0.7 || 0.8 || 0.7 || 0.7 || 0.8 || 0.9 ||
 * **__ 21 __** 1.7 || 1.7 || 1.7 || 1.7 || 1.6 || 1.6 || 1.7 || 1.5 || 1.5 || 1.4 || 1.3 || 1.3 || 1.2 || 1.1 || 1 || 1 || 0.9 || 0.8 || 0.8 || 0.8 || 1.1 || 1 || 0.9 || 1.1 || 1 || 1 ||


 * Graphs**

2+ Charges:






 * Dipole**

Top View

Side View




 * Parallel Plates**

Top View



Side View


 * Circle**

Top View



Side View




 * Analysis:**

Dipole

The field lines on this graph look nearly how they theoretically should be. The lines go from positive to negative and curve where they should be curved.

2+

The lines on this graph are not perfect. They are rather crooked when they should be curving away from the other positive charge in a smooth curve.

Parallel

In this graph the field lines are very accurate. They are going perpendicularly down from the positive to the negative, and the lines on the opposite side of the positive plate are going away from the positive. This is how it should be theoretically.

Circle



There are several discrepancies with the field lines in this graph and the equipotential regions. The equipotential regions should be circular, but they are quite deformed, and the field lines should be smooth and perpendicular.


 * Conclusion**

The graphs we plotted were the Dipole, 2 + charges, Parallel Plates, and a Circle. Each graph shows the various equipotential regions of the respective layout and the electric field lines (drawn in) corresponding to the equipotentials. The electric field lines move away from the positive and toward the negative in the Dipole, Circle, and Parallel Plate graphs. In the 2 positive charges graph, the electric field lines move away from the other positive to a "more" negative area. In all the graphs the electric field lines run perpendicular to the equipotential boundary. All the results turned out really well. The graphs clearly show that by the positive charge the electric potential is high and by the negative charge the electric potential is low. My hypothesis was correct. The areas around the positive charge did have the highest voltage, and the equipotential levels were all at points equidistant from the charge. However the results were not perfect and this is in no doubt due to the many factors of error experienced in this lab. The equipotential regions should all look similar and even and when drawn, the electric field lines should be smooth without any kinks. These inconsistencies are due to several sources of error. One source being that when pressing the device to the chart, the readings could be manipulated based on how much pressure was applied. More pressure gave higher readings and vice versa. It was very difficult to know if the device was being pressed with equal pressure every time, and this inconsistency shows in the graphs and the uneven equipotential regions. In addition, the actual meter where the readings showed up was not consistent, due to the variances in pressure. At one moment it would read 12.05 V and right after it would read 12.98 V; we had to often times guess the number. One thing I would do differently is improve the device we used to measure the voltage. There needs to be a way to keep the pressure applied consistent.